Lab 7.3.3 Configuring and Testing the Rapid Spanning Tree Prototype

Mike Putri
06477/2008

Task 1: Configure all devices

Step 1: Configure S1 and S2

Configure the host name, access, and command mode passwords on each switch.

Step 2: Configure interface VLAN 1

Configure the VLAN1 IP address and default gateway on each switch.

Step 3: Configure FC-ASW-1 for server and end user VLANs

VLAN Number	VLAN Name
10	Servers
20	Users

Step 4: Configure ProductionSW for server and end user VLANs

VLAN Number	VLAN Name
10	Servers
20	Users

Step 5: Assign ports to VLANs on FC-ASW-1

FC-ASW-1#configure terminal

FC-ASW-1(config)#interface Fa0/5

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport mode access

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport access VLAN10

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#interface Fa0/6

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport mode access

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport access VLAN20

Step 6: Assign ports to VLANs on ProductionSW

ProductionSW#configure terminal

ProductionSW(config)#interface Fa0/5

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport mode access

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport access VLAN10

ProductionSW(config-if)#interface Fa0/6

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport mode access

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport access VLAN20

Step 7: Configure trunk ports on FC-ASW-1 to the router and ProductionSW

FC-ASW-1(config)#interface Fa0/1

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#interface Fa0/2

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#interface Fa0/4

FC-ASW-1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Step 8: Configure trunk ports on ProductionSW to FC-ASW-1

ProductionSW(config)#interface Fa0/2

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

ProductionSW(config-if)#interface Fa0/4

ProductionSW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Step 9: Configure VTP on both switches

FC-ASW-1#vlan database

FC-ASW-1(vlan)#vtp server

Step 10: Configure ProductionSW to be a VTP client

ProductionSW#vlan database

ProductionSW(vlan)#vtp client

ProductionSW(vlan)#vtp domain ServerFarm

Step 11: Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

On each switch, configure Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.

FC-ASW-1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

ProductionSW(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

Step 12: Perform basic router configuration

Configure hostname, passwords, and line access on R1.

Step 13: Configure Subinterface Fa0/0

BR4#configure terminal

BR4(config)#interface Fa0/0

BR4(config-if)#no shut

BR4(config-if)#interface Fa0/0.1

BR4(config-subif)#description VLAN1

BR4(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 1

BR4(config-subif)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

BR4(config-subif)#interface Fa0/0.10

BR4(config-subif)#description VLAN10

BR4(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10.

BR4(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.254 255.255.255.0

BR4(config-subif)#interface Fa0/0.20

BR4(config-subif)#description VLAN20

BR4(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q20

BR4(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.20.254 255.255.255.0

BR4(config-subif)#end

BR4#

Step 14: Configure two hosts for server VLAN, and two hosts for end user VLAN

a. H1 and H3 should be given IP addresses in the Servers VLAN, with a default gateway of 10.10.10.254.

b. H2 and H4 should be given IP addresses in the Users VLAN, with a default gateway of 10.10.20.254.

Task 2: Perform basic connectivity tests

Step 1: Test intra-VLAN connectivity

a. Ping from H1 to H3.

Is the ping successful? ____ Ya

If the ping fails, troubleshoot the configuration on the hosts and the VLAN configuration on the switches.

b. Ping from H2 to H4.

Is the ping successful? _____ Ya

If the ping fails, troubleshoot the configuration on the hosts and the VLAN configuration on the switches.

Step 2: Test inter-VLAN connectivity

Ping from a host on the Servers VLAN to a host on the Users VLAN.

Is the ping successful? _____ Ya

If the ping fails, troubleshoot the router and switch configurations.

Task 3: Introduce link and device failures into the network, and observe results

Step 1: Determine the port status of the spanning tree on the server switch

FC-ASW-1#show span

VLAN0010

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32778

Address 0030.F2C9.90A0

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)

Address 0090.21AC.0C10

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

————–

Fa0/1 Desg FWD 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/2 Root FWD 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/4 Altn BLK 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/5 Desg FWD 19 128.3 Shr

VLAN0020

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 32788

Address 0030.F2C9.90A0

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32788 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20)

Address 0090.21AC.0C10

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

————–

Fa0/1 Desg FWD 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/2 Root FWD 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/4 Altn BLK 19 128.3 Shr

Fa0/6 Desg FWD 19 128.3 Shr

Which port is not currently participating in forwarding data? ____ Fa0/4 adalah alternative

Step 2: Induce a link failure on the server switch

Remove the cable from one of the forwarding ports on FC-ASW-1.

Step 3: View the adjustment to the spanning-tree

Re-issue the show span command.

How long did it take the switches to determine and utilize a backup link? ______

Step 4: Induce a device failure on the network

Turn off the ProductionSW switch.

Ping from H1 to H2.

Was the ping successful? _____ Yes, both hosts are on the FC-ASW-1 switch and inter-VLAN

routing is still taking place.

Step 5: Reflect on the test results

In a network with multiple branch offices, why is the use of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol important?

RSTP adalah penting untuk memastikan konektivitas perangkat pada layer akses di setiap kantor cabang dan bahwa sumber daya seperti server yang dapat diakses oleh pengguna di kantor-kantor lain yang bergantung pada mereka, dalam hal terjadi kegagalan switch-terkait setempat.

Why is it important when implementing a server farm?

RSTP akan membantu untuk memastikan bahwa switch dapat sembuh dengan cepat dan menyimpan server diakses oleh pengguna dalam hal link, switch atau kegagalan port.

Lab 7.3.2 Creating a Server Farm Test Plan

Mike Putri
06477/2008

Task 1: Review the Supporting Documentation

Step 1: Before completing the Server Farm Design Test Plan, review the following materials:

• The prototype topology diagram included at the top of this lab
• The IP Address Plan and VLAN Plan for the prototype topology in the Server Farm Design Test Plan provided with this lab
• The Prototype Network Installation Checklist created by the network designer and provided with this lab
• The partially completed Server Farm Design Test Plan provided with this lab

Step 2: Describe the functions of the network that the designer wants to test with this prototype

Konektivitas dasar, konfigurasi VLAN, operasi VTP, VLAN routing, penyaringan ACL.

Step 3: Using the topology diagram, create a list of the equipment necessary to complete the prototype tests

List any cables that are needed to connect the devices as shown in the topology diagram. Use the information from this list to fill out the chart in the Equipment section of the test plan document.

2 Router, 3 switch, 2 PC, 1 Server, 6 Cat 5 Straight-through kabel, 6 Cat 5 crossover kabel, 1 console cable.

Task 2: Determine the Testing Procedures

Using the information contained on the Prototype Network Installation Checklist and the partially completed Server Farm Design Test Plan document, determine what procedures should be followed to perform each test listed on the plan. Using Test 1 as an example, fill out the procedures sections for Tests 2, 3, and 4.

Think about which commands and tools (such as ping, traceroute, and show commands) you can use to verify that the prototype network is functioning as designed. Decide which outputs to save to prove the results of your tests.

Task 3: Document the Expected Results and Success Criteria

Carefully identify what you expect the results of each test to show. What results would indicate that the tests were a success?

Test 2: VLAN Configuration Test

Show vlans, show spanning-tree, show interface, failure of ping between VLANs

Test 3: VLAN Routing Test

Show vlans, show interface, show IP route, traceroute, and successful ping between VLANs.

Test 4: ACL Filtering Test

Show running config, show interface, show IP route, traceroute, attempts to access unauthorized resources denied.

a. Fill in the Expected Results and Success Criteria section for each test, using the information collected above.

b.Save the completed Server Farm Test Plan. It will be used in subsequent labs.

Reflection

Why is it important to think about and document the expected results and success criteria for each of the individual tests?

lab 6.2.2 Determining number of IP network

Mike Putri
06477/2008

Task 1: Review Address Block Size

Review and record the total number of hosts to be addressed.

Complete this table with the information determined in Lab 6.2.1.

Network/VLAN Name	#Number of host addresses
Default	14
Voice	254
Management	14
Administrative	62
Support	126
Production	126
Mobile	62
Peripherals	62
Net_admin	14
Web_access	14
Future	126
Null	126
Total	1000

What is the smallest address block size that can potentially satisfy the FilmCompany network needs? __ 1024

Task 2: Choose or Obtain an Address Block

Step 1: Choose public or private addresses?

A block of addresses needs to be acquired to support the addressing scheme. This block of addresses could be private space addresses or public addresses. In most cases, the network users require only outbound connections to the Internet. Only a few hosts, such as web servers, require public addresses. These often exist on the local LAN with private addresses and have static NAT entries on the border router to translate to public addresses. Public address, however, are expensive and often difficult to justify. Can you make a justification of the use public addresses in this network? ___ Tidak

If so, write this justification to forward to the ISP:

Step 2: Ensure that the private space addresses do not conflict

Although you are allowed to use private space addresses any way you choose, you must make sure that the addresses used do not conflict with another private space address to which this network will be connected. You must identify other networks to which you are connected and make sure that you are not using the same private addresses. In this case, you need to examine the addresses used by the StadiumCompany.

What address private space block does the StadiumCompany use?

_________172.18.0.0 /16

What address blocks are used by the WAN links?

_________172.18.0.16/30

_________192.0.2.40 /30

Are there other devices or connections that need to be excluded from use? ___ Ya

What types? _________ servers

What address block? ________172.17.0.0 /16

Step 3: Ensure that the private space addresses are consistent with policy

The company should have a network policy and method of allocating addresses. This is true even when using private addresses. You should contact the FilmCompany network administrators to request a block of addresses. In this case, ask your instructor if there is a preferred set of addresses to use.

Did your instructor assign a block of addresses?

If so, what block?

If your instructor does not assign addresses, you may choose any private space block that does not conflict.

What block of addresses are you using for this FilmCompany Branch? ________192.168.0.0 /22

Task 3: Allocate Addresses for the Network

When assigning addresses to the different networks, start the assignments with the subnet that requires the largest address block and progress to the network that requires the smallest.

Step 1: Order the networks from largest to smallest

Using the information from Lab 6.2.1, list the networks in order of size, from the network that requires the

largest address block to the network that requires the smallest block.

Network/VLAN Name	Number of host addresses
Voice	254
support	126
production	126
Future	126
Null	126
administrative	62
Mobile	62
peripherals	62
Web_access	14
Default	14
management	14
Net_admin	14

Step 2: Assign address blocks to the networks

From the address block chosen in the previous task, begin calculating and assigning the address blocks to these networks. You should use contiguous blocks of addresses when making these assignments.

Network/VLAN Name	Number of host addresses	Network address
Voice	254	192.168.0.0 /24
support	126	192.168.1.0 /25
production	126	192.168.1.128 /25
Future	126	192.168.2.0 /25
Null	126	192.168.2.128 /25
administrative	62	192.168.3.0 /26
Mobile	62	192.168.3.64 /26
Peripherals	62	192.168.3.128 /26
web_access	14	192.168.3.192 /28
Default	14	192.168.3.208 /28
management	14	192.168.3.224 /28
net_admin	14	192.168.3.240 /28

Step 3: Complete the address planning table

Using the addresses you calculated in the previous step, complete this table from Lab 6.2.1. This plan will be used in future labs.

VLAN #	Network/VLAN Name	Number of host addresses	Network Address	Description
1	default	14	192.168.3.208 /28	Default VLAN for the Layer 2 devices
10	voice	254	192.168.0.0 /24	Voice VLAN to support Voice over IP
20	management	14	192.168.3.224 /28	Management hosts and secure peripherals (payroll printer)
30	administrative	62	192.168.3.0 /26	Administrative hosts
40	support	126	192.168.1.0 /25	Support hosts
50	production	126	192.168.1.128 /25	High performance production workstations (stationary)
60	mobile	62	192.168.3.64 /26	Mobile production hosts.
70	net_admin	14	192.168.3.240 /28	Network support
80	servers	65534	172.17.0.0 /16	Servers to support video services and storage.
90	peripherals	62	192.168.3.128 /26	Peripherals for general use (printers, scanners)
100	web_access	14	192.168.3.192 /28	VLAN for server that are publicly accessible
120	future	126	192.168.2.0 /25	VLAN for future services
999	null	126	192.168.2.128 /25	VLAN for terminating unwanted or suspicious traffic
NA	NAT_pool	6	209.165.200.224/29	Addresses for NAT pool for BR4 or interface to ISP4
NA	DSL_Link	2	192.0.2.40 /30	DSL link to the ISP
NA	Frame_link	2	172.18.0.16/30	Address of the FR link to the stadium

Reflection / Challenge

This lab specifically used private IPv4 addresses. Discuss the issues to be considered if it was decided to use public IP addresses throughout the network. Are there any situations that would require this?

Alamat IP versi 4 (sering disebut dengan Alamat IPv4) adalah sebuah jenis pengalamatan jaringan yang digunakan di dalam protokol jaringan TCP/IP yang menggunakan protokol IP versi 4. Panjang totalnya adalah 32-bit, dan secara teoritis dapat mengalamati hingga 4 miliar host komputer atau lebih tepatnya 4.294.967.296 host di seluruh dunia, jumlah host tersebut didapatkan dari 256 (didapatkan dari 8 bit) dipangkat 4(karena terdapat 4 oktet) sehingga nilai maksimal dari alamt IP versi 4 tersebut adalah 255.255.255.255 dimana nilai dihitung dari nol sehingga nilai nilai host yang dapat ditampung adalah 256x256x256x256=4.294.967.296 host. Alamat publik adalah alamat-alamat yang telah ditetapkan oleh InterNIC dan berisi beberapa buah network identifier yang telah dijamin unik (artinya, tidak ada dua host yang menggunakan alamat yang sama) jika intranet tersebut telah terhubung ke Internet. Ketika beberapa alamat publik telah ditetapkan, maka beberapa rute dapat diprogram ke dalam sebuah router sehingga lalu lintas data yang menuju alamat publik tersebut dapat mencapai lokasinya.

Lab 7.3.5 Configuring Wireless Securyti

Mike Putri

06477.2008

Objectives

• Create a security plan for a home network.
• Configure the wireless access point (AP) portion of a multi-function device using security best practices.

Background / Preparation

A well-planned security implementation is critical to the safety of a wireless network. This lab goes over the steps that must be taken to ensure the safety of the network using the following scenario. You have just purchased a Linksys WRT300N wireless router, and you want to set up a small network in your

home. You selected this router because the IEEE 802.11n specification claims that it has 12 times the speed of an 802.11g and 4 times the range. Because the 802.11n uses 2.4 GHz, it is backward compatible with both the 802.11b and 802.11g and uses MIMO (multiple-in, multiple-out) technology.

You should enable security mechanisms before connecting your multi-function device to the Internet or any wired network. You should also change the default values provided, because they are well-known values that are easily obtainable on the Internet. The following resources are required:

• Windows-based computer
• Linksys WRT300N
• Straight-through Ethernet cable

Step 1: Plan the security for your home network

1. List at least six security best practices that you should implement to secure your multi-function device and wireless network.Jawaban:1) Change default values for the SSID, usernames and passwords,2) Disable broadcast SSID, 3) Configure MAC Address Filtering, 4) Configure encryption using WEP or WPA, 5) Configure authentication ,6) Configure traffic filtering
2. Describe what the security risk is for each item. Jawaban: 1) Passwords are changed to prevent neighbors or other people from logging in to your router. 2) SSID should be changed to a unique name. 3) SSID broadcasting is disabled so that the SSID name is not broadcasted to others in range of your network. 4) Encryption and authentication prevents hackers from gaining access to the network and intercepting messages. 5) MAC filtering keeps unwanted computers from associating with the AP

Step 2: Connect a computer to the multi-function device and log in to the web-based utility

1. Connect your computer (Ethernet NIC) to the multi-function device (port 1 on the Linksys WRT300N) by using a straight-through cable.
2. The default IP address of the Linksys WRT300N is 192.168.1.1, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The computer and Linksys device must be on the same network to communicate with each other. Change the IP address of the computer to 192.168.1.2, and verify that the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Enter the internal address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) as the default gateway. Do this by clicking, Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. Right click on the wireless connection and choose Properties. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and enter the addresses as shown below.
3. Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, or Firefox and enter the default IP address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) into the address field and press Enter.
4. A screen appears, requesting your user name and password.
5. Leave the User name field blank and enter admin for the password. It is the default password on the Linksys device. Click OK. Remember that passwords are case-sensitive.
6. As you make the necessary changes on the Linksys device, click Save Settings on each screen to save the changes or click Cancel Changes to keep the default settings.

Step 4: Change the Linksys device password

1. The initial screen displayed is the Setup > Basic Setup screen.
2. Click the Administration tab. The Management tab is selected by default.
3. Type in a new password for the Linksys device, and then confirm the password. The new password must not be more than 32 characters and must not include any spaces. The password is required to access the Linksys device web-based utility and Setup Wizard.
4. The Web Utility Access via Wireless option is enabled by default. You may want to disable this feature to further increase security.
5. Click the Save Settings button to save the information. NOTE: If you forget your password, you can reset the Linksys device to the factory defaults by pressing the RESET button for 5 seconds and then releasing it. The default password is admin.

Step 5: Configure the wireless security settings

1. Click the Wireless tab. The Basic Wireless Settings tab is selected by default. The Network Name is the SSID shared among all devices on your network. It must be identical for all devices in the wireless network. It is case-sensitive and must not be more than 32 characters.
2. Change the SSID from the default of linksys to a unique name. Record the name you have chosen: Student Dependant
3. Leave the Radio Band set to Auto. This allows your network to use all 802.11n, g, and b devices.
4. For SSID Broadcast, select the Disabled button to disable the SSID broadcast. Wireless clients survey the area for networks to associate with and will detect the SSID broadcast sent by the Linksys device. For added security, do not broadcast the SSID.
5. Save your settings before going to the next screen.

Step 6: Configure encryption and authentication

1. Choose the Wireless Security tab on the Wireless screen.
2. This router supports four types of security mode settings:

• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Personal, which uses a pre-shared key (PSK)
• WPA Enterprise, which uses Remote Access Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
• RADIUS

1. Select WPA Personal Security Mode.
2. On the next screen, choose an Encryption algorithm.

To secure a network, use the highest level of encryption possible within the Selected Security mode. The following Security Modes and Encryption levels are listed from least secure (WEP) to most secure (WPA2 with AES)

• WEP
• WPA
• TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
• AES (Advanced Encryption System)
• WPA2
• TKIP
• AES

AES is only supported by newer devices that contain a co-processor. To ensure compatibility with all devices, select TKIP.

1. For authentication, enter a pre-shared key between 8 and 63 characters. This key is shared by the Linksys device and all connected devices.
2. Choose a key renewal period between 600 and 7200 seconds. The renewal period is how often the Linksys device changes the encryption key.
3. Save your settings before exiting the screen.

Step 7: Configure MAC address filtering

1. Choose the Wireless MAC Filter tab on the Wireless screen.
2. MAC address filtering allows only selected wireless client MAC addresses to have access to your network. Select the radio button to Permit PCs listed below to access the wireless network. Click the Wireless Client List button to display a list of all wireless client computers on your network.
3. The next screen allows you to identify which MAC addresses can have access to the wireless network. Click the Save to MAC Address Filter List check box for any client device you want to add, and then click the Add button. Any wireless clients, other than those in the list will be prevented from accessing your wireless network. Save your settings before exiting the screen.

Step 8: Reflection

1. Which feature that you configured on the Linksys WRT300N makes you feel the most secure and why? Answers will vary. The MAC address filter is a very restrictive method of controlling access. Jawaban: MAC address filtering uses the MAC address to identify which devices are allowed to connect to the wireless network. When a wireless client attempts to connect, or associate, with an AP it will send MAC address information. If MAC filtering is enabled, the wireless router or AP will look up its MAC address a preconfigured list. Only devices whose MAC addresses have been prerecorded in the router’s database will be allowed to connect.
2. Make a list of other items that could be done to make your network even more secure. Answers include configure MAC/IP filtering to control which type of traffic is allowed to flow on the network; disable unneeded services (Telnet, HTTP, TFTP, and so on). Jawaban:

CCNA Discovery 1 Module 6 Exam Answers Version 4.0

Mike Putri
06477/2008

1. 1. a physical network address
2. e-mail
3. FTP
4. SMTP
5. FTP dan SMTP
6. . Application
   • Network Access
   • Internet
7. Both TCP and UDP can be used simultaneously to ensure speed and guaranteed delivery
8. DNS server
9. DNS
10. bonus
11. 25
12. SMTP
13. e-mail
14. • The packet header identifies it as an HTTP or FTP packet.
15. protocol layering
16. • source IP address
    • source MAC address
    • destination IP address
17. source and destination IP addresses
18. 4
19. passes data to the application layer
20. 1) add TCP header to data
    2) add Ethernet header and trailer
    3) add an IP header
    4) encode the frame into bits
21. It prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
22. • physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application

CCNA Discovery 1 Module 1 Exam Answers Version 4.0

Mike Putri

06477/2008

1. Which computer component is considered the nerve center of the computer system and is responsible for processing all of the data within the machine?
• RAM
• CPU
• video card
• sound card
• operating system

2. What are two advantages of purchasing a preassembled computer? (Choose two.)
• usually a lower cost
• exact components may be specified
• extended waiting period for assembly
• adequate for performing most general applications
• suited for customers with special needs

3. A user plans to run multiple applications simultaneously on a computer. Which computer component is essential to accomplish this?
• RAM
• NIC
• video card
• sound card
• storage device

4. Which adapter card enables a computer system to exchange information with other systems on a local network?
• modem card
• controller card
• video card
• sound card
• network interface card

5. What is the main storage drive used by servers, desktops, and laptops?
• tape drive
• hard drive
• optical drive (DVD)
• floppy disk drive

6. Which component is designed to remove high-voltage spikes and surges from a power line so that they do not damage a computer system?
• CPU
• surge suppressor
• motherboard
• hard drive

7. What are two examples of output peripheral devices? (Choose two.)
• printer
• speakers
• flash drive
• external DVD
• external modem

8. What two functions does a UPS provide that a surge protector does not ? (Choose two.)
• protects the computer from voltage surges
• provides backup power from an internal battery
• protects the computer from sudden voltage spikes
• gives the user time to phone the electrical company
• gives the user time to safely shut down the computer if the power fails
• provides backup power through a generator provided by the wall outlet

9. What is a word processor?
• It is a physical computer component.
• It is a program designed to perform a specific function.
• It is a program that controls the computer resources.
• It is a functional part of an operating system.

10. What is the purpose of the ASCII code?
• translates bits into bytes
• interprets graphics digitally
• translates digital computer language into binary language
• represents letters, characters, and numbers with bits

11. Why do servers often contain duplicate or redundant parts?
• Servers require more power and thus require more components.
• Servers should be accessible at all times.
• Servers can be designed as standalone towers or rack mounted.
• Servers are required by networking standards to have duplicate parts.

12. What are two benefits of hooking up a laptop to a docking station? (Choose two.)
• Mobility is increased.
• An external monitor can be used.
• Alternate connectivity options may be available.
• The keyboard can be changed to a QWERTY-style keyboard.
• More wireless security options are available.

13. Applications can be grouped into general use software or industry specific software. What are two examples of industry specific software? (Choose two.)
• CAD
• presentation
• spreadsheet
• word processing
• medical practice management
• contacts/scheduling management

14. Which three terms describe different types of computers? (Choose three.)
• operating system
• network
• laptop
• desktop
• Windows
• mainframe

15. How is a server different from a workstation computer?
• The server works as a standalone computer.
• The server provides services to clients.
• The workstation has fewer applications installed.
• The workstation has more users who attach to it.

16. How many values are possible using a single binary digit?
• 1
• 2
• 4
• 8
• 9
• 16

17. What measurement is commonly associated with computer processing speed?
• bits
• pixels
• hertz
• bytes

18. What can be used to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD)?
• dry and non humid conditions
• carpeted floor
• grounding strap
• uncluttered work space

19. If a peripheral device is not functioning, what are three things you should do to solve the problem? (Choose three.)
• Use the testing functionality on the peripheral itself, if available.
• Verify that all cables are connected properly.
• Disconnect all cables connected to the computer except those connected to the peripheral.
• Ensure that the peripheral is powered on.
• Disconnect the peripheral and verify that the computer is operating normally.
• Reload the computer operating system.

20. Which two steps should be performed when installing a peripheral device? (Choose two.)
• Download and install the most current driver.
• Connect the peripheral using any cable and any available port on the computer.
• Connect the peripheral using an appropriate cable or wireless connection.
• Test the peripheral on another machine before installing it on the one where it will be used.
• Check the computer documentation to see if the peripheral vendor is compatible with the PC vendor.

21. In newer operating systems, how are system resources assigned by default when components are installed?
• manually assigned by the operating system
• manually assigned by the administrator
• statically assigned by the component to a preset resource
• dynamically assigned between the component and the operating system